Legal Intern
C/o Tyler Walter ESQ
BERNSTEIN Institute for Human Rights
NYU LAW


Dear:
Thanks for your letter of July 6th.


THE IACHR


FIRST OF All with the IACHR
I JUST Filed A ADDITIONAL Response.


THEY have yet to Decide on
the MERits. The United States AND
I have Files Multiple BRIEFS


IMMIGRATION


The IJ in Phoenix has allowed
ME to File A Petition to Reopen


-1-


Because OF the IACHR Decision.


My argument was - the IACHAR
Finding shows that the IJ CONNet
Consider the Judgment of Conviction


The DHS has to prove the
FACT OF THE CASE


HOWEVER- As I have no
counsel - it has been Dismissed
without prejudice


ARIZONA
IN ARIZONA - the IACHAR
Decision -has created havoc. I shall
leave this At that until the appellate order.


ABOUT ME
I submitted these proposals
For A PhD by PORTFOLIO HAVE


-2 -


WRITTEN my thesis FIRST DRAFT).


UNIVERSITY OF NEW South WALES,
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE AND Nobel
Business School SwitZERLAND have offered
ME the privilege to Do my Ph.D by
submitting my thesis.


I however - Am Considering UCLA
AND GEORGE MASON. HAVEN'T Applied yet.
Any Suggestions


ADVISOR
I have no problems being AN
AdvisoR.


THE MODULE
THE MODULE is excellent. I
however Do Believe the IACHAR - OAS Provisions-
PROCEDURES - should be


-3-


MORE A PART .


Once Again thanks for your letter.
In the event you or your office
Desires speaking to me you may
email

and set up a call.


-4-


Tripati' LLM Merit (2014)
Public International Law
University of London
University College London
Queen Mary University of London




RESEARCH PROPOSAL
INTRODUCTION 2
SURVEY OF 35,000 CITIZENS IN 50 STATES .. 2
THE RESEARCH QUESTION 5
METHODOLOGY 5
THE IMPACT OF THE DECISION.
REASONS WHY THE NON-TRADITIONAL METHODS USED SATISFY THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE. 9
TIMETABLE 13
EXPECTED OUTCOMES 13
LIST OF REFERENCES 13


TITLE
1 The United States should implement the human rights decisions issued by the Inter-
American Commission on Human Rights in order to ensure it continues to be a leader in the international community.


1 Born British January 16th, 1954 in Fiji Islands and a permanent resident of the United States. I have my B.Sc., in Federal Litigation, (UIU Ohio); LL.M Merit, Public International Law (2014)Public Law (2014); European Law (2013)(London)


Tripati' LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 2 of 14


INTRODUCTION
SURVEY OF 35,000 CITIZENS IN 50 STATES
Yes No
Do you know what human rights is 29,856 5, 144


Should the United States follow the 33,176 1,824
Decisions by the Inter-American
Commission on Human Rights


Do you know what the Inter-American 2,769 32,321
Commission on Human Rights is


Should the United States follow 21,311 3,689
International Law


Do you believe state laws are 21,679 13,321
Applied fairly to all in the
United States


Do you believe federal laws are 9,863 25,137
Applied fairly to all in the
United States


Do you believe United States 32,079 2,921
Laws would be fairer, if they
Follow international law.

2 Globally, there are debates about traditional education, Institutions have begun providing "experiential learning credits" as a vehicle to ensure, education is relevant. Universities in United Kingdom, Australia, European Union, India, New Zealand and the Americas, have begun awarding PhD by published work that has been published in peer reviewed journals. Traditionalism in education is dangerous, in that it does not take into account, the views, the


Tripati1 LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 3 of 14


experiences and roles of the general public --- the consumer of the educational product.2 Because of the wealth of persons who have access to Facebook,3 I have used this non- traditional method." It is my belief, the wealth of research, on my Facebook page, satisfies, far more than any peer reviewed publication. Hence, the quality of research that I have authored and published, qualifies the requirements of the degree.


3 Human rights are those activities, conditions, and freedoms that all human beings are entitled to enjoy, by virtue of their humanity. To an increasing extent, human rights in the United States are also implemented through litigation in domestic courts and by local governments' adoption of human rights standards. The United States of America's fulfillment of its treaty obligations is monitored by the Inter- American Commission on Human Rights and by various UN bodies.


4 The Inter-American System®, made up of two entities: the Inter --- American Commission® on Human Rights (IACHR, or Commission) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (LACtHR, or Court), for the protection of human Rights, is a regional human rights system created under the auspices of the Organization of American States (OAS), an Intergovernmental body. Each has different functions, although both decide individual complaints against' Member States, hold public hearings, and can recommend immediate action by States when an individual or the subject matter of a pending complaint is at risk of irreparable harm.ª


—---------------------------------------------------
2 There is a great deal of debate everywhere in the world that people, in colleges all around the world, believe experiential learning is of no relevance.
3 https://www.m.facebook.com/ 105337148092391/
4 Globally there has been a great deal of debate about the traditional educational systems as being ineffective and not meeting the needs of society at large.
5 www.ijrcenter.org.
6 ESCR-Net
7 Bayefsky.com
8 Refworld


Tripati1 LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 4 of 14


5 The United States of America is a member of the OAS. The increased utilization of IACHR remedies in the United States shows time is ripe for this research. See for example:


* Brief for The Human Rights Committee of the Bar of England and Wales, et al. as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondent, Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005) (No. 03-633) 2004 U.S. S. Ct. Briefs LEXIS 432
* Coard et al. v. United States, Case 10.951, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report No. 109/99, OEA/Ser.LV/11.106, doc. 6 rev. | 9 (1999)
* Djamel Ameziane v. United States, Pet. P-900-08, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report No. 17/12, OEA/Ser.LV/11.147, doc. 1 rev. | 27 (2012)
* Graham v. United States, Case 11.193, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report 51/00, OEA/Ser.LV/11.111, doc. 20 rev. ] 55 (2000)
* Housel v. United States, Pet. 129/02, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report 16/04. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.122, doc. 5 rev. 1 1|31 (2004)
* IACHR, Report No. 219/19, Petition 459-08. Admissibility, Anant Kumar Tripati. United States of America, October 24, 2019
* Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R.[IACHR], Vilma Aracely Lopez Juc de Coc and others regarding the United States of America, Precautionary Measure No. 505-18, Resolution of Aug. 16, 2018, http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/pdf/2018/63-18MC505-18-USen. pdf; Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R. [IACHR] Migrant Children affected by the "Zero Tolerance" Policy regarding the United States of America, Precautionary Measure No. 731-18, Resolution of Aug. 16, 2018, http://www.cas.org/en/iachr/decisions/pdf/2018/64-
Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R.,
* Lenahan v. United States, Case 12.626,Report No. 80/11, T 168 (2011) Lenahan v. United States, Case 12.626, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report No. 80/11 1/1/ 199, 203 (2011)


Tripati' LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 5 of 14


Roach v. United States, Case 9647, Inter-Am. Comm'n H. R., Report No. 147. OEA/Ser.LV/11.71, doc. 9 rev. 1 | 48 (1987)
* Robert Bacon Jr. v. United States, Petition 12.381, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report No. 90/11 14 (2011)
* Virgilio Maldonado Rodriguez v. United States, Pet. 1762- 11, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report No. 63/12, OEA/Ser.L/V/11.147, doc. 1 rev. 1| 45-46 (2012)
* Virgilio Maldonado Rodriguez v. United States, Pet. 1762-11, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report No. 63/12, OEA/Ser.L/V/11,147, doc. 1 rev. ] 45 (2012)
* Wayne Smith, Hugo Armendariz, et al. v. United States, Case 12.562, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report No. 81/10 1 5 (2010)
* William Andrews v. United States, Case 11.139, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report No. 57/96, OEA/Ser.L./V/II.95, doc. 7 rev. 1 60 (1997)


THE RESEARCH QUESTION
6 As a global power, should the United States disregard decisions by the Inter-American
Commission on Human Rights? Should it provide a domestic mechanism for enforcement of these rights? Should the view of the majority of the residents of the United States , that fundamental fairness, mandates all decisions of international tribunals, be followed, be adopted as domestic laws of the United States?


METHODOLOGY
7 No international tribunal has ever issued as to any one person such a scathing decision as
issued in IACHR, Report No. 219/19, Petition 459-08. Admissibility, Anant Kumar Tripati. United States of America. October 24, 2019.9


—-----------------------------------------------------
9 As discussed in the Report the United States has failed its responsibility to investigate and prosecute these violations. Naomi Roht- Arriaza, State Responsibility to Investigate and Prosecute Grave Human Rights Violations in International Law, 78 Cal. L. Rev. 449 (1990). Availablehttp://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol78/iss2/


Tripati1 LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 6 of 14


8 I filed a complaint on April 17, 200810 alleging false arrest11, prosecution and fabrication of evidence by Maricopa County, 12 Arizona, authorities based on collusion between prosecutors and judges, as retaliation for my exposing corruption 13 within the Maricopa County and Arizona Judicial system. Furthermore I complained of denial of food, medical care, destruction of evidence, destruction of records, denial of access to legal materials and legal resources. 14


9 As stated by the Report, I alleged Maricopa County prosecutors, on approval of Maricopa County judges, as retaliation for my exposing corruption within the Maricopa County system went to Beverly Hills, California, searched my office, arrested me and brought me to Arizona. They later on had the Los Angeles County District Attorney's office cover-up for them 15. After bringing the property to Arizona, I allege they deceived the West Hollywood, California, Justice Court and destroyed the evidence. 16


10 The Report further describes my complaint as stating, Maricopa County authorities, with the help of Maricopa County judges, presented perjured evidence and convicted me of the intangible right of deprivation of reputation in the community, sentencing me to 52.5 years with no possibility of release by clemency, pardon or parole 17 | filed numerous appeals but as set forth in the Report, as I was challenging the corruption of the truth seeking process by the


—----------------------------------------
10 (Report Section II)
11 (Report Section V Para 1)
12 Scholars and commentators have questioned whether the wrongful conviction literature has placed disproportional rhetorical emphasis on cases of factual innocence. See, e.g., Lawrence C. Marshall, Litigating in the Shadow of Innocence, 68 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 191, 194-95 (2006) (noting the role that wrongful convictions have played in the capital punishment movement, but arguing that "condemning the innocent is just one small part of what is wrong with the death penalty")
13The petition with IACHR shows I was challenging the targeting of racial minorities by the Maricopa County Attorney and sentencing them to long prison terms with the help of
the rigged justice system in Arizona.
14 (Report Section V Para 1)
15 Report Section V Para 2)
16 Report Section V Para 3)
17 Report Section V Para 4)


Tripati' LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 7 of 14


judicial system18, the courts upheld the decision for their protection. The federal judge, the petition states, denied my claims because the Maricopa County Attorney was running for the governor of Arizona19.


11 The petition goes on to state that when sent to prison the Arizona Department of Corrections (hereinafter "ADOC") and Arizona Attorney General (hereinafter "ATTY GEN")20 denied me access to medical care, denied me food, refused to let me practice Hinduism, all with the approval of the Arizona State Courts and Attorney General.21 They also, according to the Petition seized, read, destroyed privileged documents and with the approval of the Attorney General so as to prevent me from challenging my convictions. When requested, the Federal Judge refused to allow me access to copies22.


12 The United States argued that the United States Criminal Justice System embodies the protections afforded by the American Declaration hence I should be denied relief.23


13 The Report finds that I made 40 plus attempts to have my claims heard by Arizona state and federal courts which were summarily denied. Due to the numerous efforts I made, under international law, I need not further exhaust domestic remedies24. It goes on to state that I have satisfied the provisions of Article 32.1 on exhaustion.25 As to prison conditions, my being denied access to medical care, denied food, refused to be allowed to practice Hinduism, destruction of legal documents, denied access to counsel and meeting with counsel, all with the
—-----------------------------------------------
18 As a consequence, the Maricopa County judicial system is being investigated by the United States Department of Justice for targeting persons for prosecution and corruption of the truth seeking process. 19 Report Section V Para 5)
20 As a reward for ensuring the Judge Jonathan Henry Schwartz allowing the conviction and ensuring judicial corruption is not disclosed, the Attorney General hired him as an assistant. 21 Report Section V Para 6)
22 Report Section V Para7)
23 Report Section V Para 8, 9)
24 Report Section VI Para 10, 11)
25 Report Section VI Para 12)


Tripati' LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 8 of 14


approval of the Arizona State Courts and Attorney General, so as to prevent me from challenging my convictions,26 these are to be determined as to the situation now. 1 14 Pursuant27 to Articles 31 to 34 of its Rules of Procedure the IACHR found my claims colorable. It granted admissibility as to violation of life, liberty and security 28 , equality before law 29, denial of religious freedom and worship30, inviolability and transmission of correspondence31, preservation of health and well being 32, fair trial 33, protection from arbitrary arrest34 , denial of due process35 .


15 The Report goes on to state it will decide if the freedom of investigation, opinion, expression, dissemination provisions of the American Declaration was violated when the court refused to give me the evidence.36


16 On May 8, 2020 Susan Brnovich, a Federal Judge who is also the wife of Arizona Attorney
General Mark Brnovich reviewed a petition pursuant to 28U.S.C. 178237 and found that she will not allow the IACHR access to evidence. Judge Brnovich was a Deputy Maricopa County Attorney and Superior Court judge at all times relevant. She is the wife of the Arizona Attorney General whose conduct is at issue before the IACHR.38
—-------------------------------------------------
26 Report Section VI Para 13) 27 Report Section VII Para 14) 28 Article 1
29 Article II
30 Article III
31 Article X
32 Article XI
33 Article XVI1
34 Article XXV
35 Article XXV1
36 Report Section VII Para 15
37 Case 2:20-mc-0015-SMB Doc 9 US District Court, Phoenix, Arizona May 8, 2020
38 There are 20 other federal judges who could have decided the matter, but in typical Arizona fashion she chose to protect her husband.


Tripati' LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 9 of 14


(17 The IACHR Report found violations of Articles I, II, III, IV, X, XI, XVII, XXV and XXVI of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (hereinafter "American Declaration)39 (Report Para 1 Section VIII)


THE IMPACT OF THE DECISION


18 The United States District Court Western District of Pennsylvania, for the first time ever, the United States Immigration Department has vacated a deportation order, based on a IACHR finding.


REASONS WHY THE NON-TRADITIONAL METHODS USED SATISFY THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE


20 After completing my LLM,40 I have taken the non-traditional approach. In order to understand the general community's view on human rights, within the United States, I have solicited their views as to my research. To accomplish this, I have authored the following" papers, treatises, and books and posted them on Facebook 42to get feedback, from the community at large:"


1. Successive Federal Habeas Corpus United States Citizens Should Petition The Inter-
American Commission On Human Rights For Violation Of Human Rights, Misconduct By Law Enforcement And Wrongful Convictions.
—------------------------------------------------------
39 Ratification of the OAS Charter June 19, 1951 in conformity with Article 20 of the IACHR Statute and 51 of the Rules of Procedure
40 I have a Bachelor of Science in Federal Litigation, based on credit for prior experience, practicing in various courts, through various counsel, on complex constitutional issues.
41 The other books and papers that I authored and published are also on my Facebook https://www.facebook.com/OpenSource-LawReviews-
page. 105337148092391/?ref=pages_you_manage 42 https://www.facebook.com/m, 105337148092391/
43 I am allowed to use emails and googlemeets for the program


Tripati1 LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 10 of 14


2. Civil Rights Litigation Sample Complaints And Arguments To Address Common Tactics Used By Lawyers To Defeat Claims
3. Civil Rights Litigation How To Discover Evidence That Support Your Claims. Electronic Evidence
4. Access To Courts How To Have Judgments Obtained By States, Corizon, Centurion, Wexford
5. Attorney Client Privilege -Discussion Of Treatises On Attorney Client Privilege
6. RICO A Guide On How To Challenge, State Action, Insurers, Lawyers, Healthcare Providers, Prison Officials
7. Discussion Of Treatises Showing The Failure Of Attorney Discipline And Judicial Processes When Government Lawyers And Public Functionary
8. Judicial Bias Favoring States And Abuse Of Attorney Client Relations By Government Lawyers In Arizona- Treatises And Cases
9. Cruel And Unusual Punishment In Arizona A Study Of Cases And Treatises
10. Human Rights Violations In Arizona Prisons Study Of Treatises And Cases
11. Use Of Private Health Care Providers Violate The Cruel And Unusual Punishment Clause -- A Study Of Treatises And Cases
12. The Practices of Prosecutors, Assistant Attorney Generals And Public Functionary Counsel In Arizona Courts. What Is The Proper Remedy For Deeply Embedded Human Rights Violations In The United States And Fraud Upon The Court By Government Counsel In Arizona State And Federal Courts- An Insight Into Treatises And Case Study Of The Arizona Justice System


21 Feedback from the community at large affects what the legislature generally does. This I believe provides a reliable guidance, and answer to the question.


22 I have completed my research, hence, I need no equipment, facilities, and other resources.


Tripati' LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 11 of 14


23 Plenty of injustices go judicially unresolved. American law is procedurally complicated, ethically challenging, or jurisprudentially flawed than that in most western nations. AMERICA USES PROCEDURAL JUSTICE OR THE APPEARANCE OF JUSTICE AS ITS JUDICIAL PHILOSOPHY, WHERE, HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS DO NOT MATTER, AS LONG AS THE END RESULT IS WHAT IS DESIRED.


24 The degree of complexity, both in the law's design and in the ways in which it has failed is truly astounding, encompassing everything from racial injustice to cutting-edge DNA technology; from the tensions among truth, justice, and finality to the practical shortcomings of our system of defense.


25 One of the most widely accepted notions in American constitutional law is that the" federal constitution and interpretations of the federal constitution by the Supreme Court of the United States set a "floor" for personal liberties."5 State courts and legislatures cannot properly go below the federal floor. It is a position anchored to plain constitutional text in the form of the Supremacy Clause.


26 International law has also assisted courts in making determinations regarding the treatment
of prisoners. The Oregon Supreme Court looked to the UDHR, ICCPR, and European Convention in holding that prison guards of the opposite sex could not conduct "pat-downs" of
prisoners. "" Utah's Supreme Court cited the ICCPR to determine whether a prison's denial of medical services to a prisoner constituted unnecessary rigor, "and the U.S. District Court in


—------------------------------------------------
44 James B. White, When Words Lose Their Meaning 231-74 (1984); Clark D. Cunningham, Judith N. Levi, Georgia M. Green & Jeffrey P. Kaplan, Plain Meaning And hard Cases, 103 Yale L.J. 1561 (1994) (Book Review). 45 G. Alan Tarr, The New Judicial Federalism in Perspective, 72 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1097 (1997).
46 Sterling v. Cupp, 290 Or. 611 (OR 1981). 47 Bott v. DeLand, 922 P.2d 732 (Utah 1996), overruled in Part by Spackman v. Bd. Of Educ. 16 P.3d 533 (Utah 2000).


Tripati' LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 12 of 14


Connecticut cited customary international law in holding that prison overcrowding constituted cruel and unusual punishment. 48


27 "Compared to other Western democracies, 49 the principle of inalienable human rights plays a limited role in domestic American law and politics. This relative absence is shaped by a host of factors; and is relevant to understanding why modern day America has a comparatively dismal human rights record in areas like the "War on Terror," criminal justice, and access to health care."


28 In theory, the United States guarantees human rights, but, it in practice violates rights with impunity.50 This was recently evident by former President Donald Trump and his then Attorney General William Barr directing force be used on peaceful protesters, protesting the death of Floyd George at the hands of police.


29 Human rights violations by States are not "isolated incidents"51 but reflect a "history of widespread abuse52" for which state authorities have given "tacit authorization 53. These
—-----------------------------------------------------------
48 Lareau v. Manson, 507 F.Supp. 1177 (D. CT 1980).
49 Mugambi Jouet, The Exceptional Absence of Human Rights as a Principle in
Law, American
34
Pace
L.Rev.
688
(2014)
Available at http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr/vol34/iss2/5
50 Michael Ignatieff, American Exceptionalism And Human Rights (2005).
51 State Of Arizona, Appellee, V. Bryston Ware, Appellant Ware, a member of the Vista Park Bloods street gang, fired a handgun multiple times at rival Crips gang members who were waiting in line outside a music venue located in a strip mall to attend rap artist Nipsey Hussle's concert. Several victims were injured by the gunfire. The State subsequently charged Ware with twelve counts of aggravated assault, a class three dangerous felony; eight counts of endangerment, a class five dangerous felony; one count of leading or participating in a criminal street gang, a class two felony; and one count of assisting a criminal street gang, a class three felony. At trial, the court granted Ware's motion for judgment of acquittal on one of the aggravated assault counts. See Ariz. R. Crim. P. 20(a). The jury found Ware guilty of the remaining counts as charged, and the court imposed presumptive and concurrent terms of incarceration.


During trial, defense counsel informed the court and the State he had received information that one or two jurors were recently in the parking lot where the crimes occurred, and they waved to Ware's relative who was eating in a nearby restaurant. The court asked the jury panel whether anyone had recently been in the parking lot, and only juror 16 responded that she had. She explained that she had driven thru the


Anant Kumar Tripati' LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 13 of 14


violations are the result of "custom or usage" which is "so permanent and well settled" as to have "the force of law"54 They are deeply embedded in the state system.55


TIMETABLE


30 I believe it will take me six months to summarize my research in a 80,000 word paper.


EXPECTED OUTCOMES


31 My research will make an original contribution to knowledge. Specifically, it will apprise the United States residents that remedies before IACHR are available, to those in the United States.


LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Amanda K. Eaton, Note, Optical Illusions: The Hazy Contours of the Clearly Established Law and the Effects of Hope v. Pelzer on the Qualified Immunity Doctrine, 38 GA. L. REV. 661, 694-96 (2004)


2. Mrak E. Wojcik, 'Using international human rights law to advance queer rights: a case study for the American declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man' (1994) 55 Ohio State Law Journal, pp. 649-664
—-------------------------------------------------------------
parking lot looking for a particular restaurant, and she left immediately when she realized the restaurant was not at that location. Juror 16 further explained that she was not with any other jurors at the time and that she did not realize until after she entered the parking lot that it was the crime scene in this case. Without elaboration, Ware moved to strike the juror for cause, and the court denied the motion. Ware renewed his objection in a post-verdict motion for new trial. The court also denied that motion.


Before trial, the court precluded testimony that Nipsey Hussle is "not a mainstream rap artist" or that "most of his music is too hardcore for mainstream audiences." During closing argument, the prosecutor twice suggested a possible motive for the crimes by stating Nipsey Hussle was "a known Crip singer." Ware did not object. 52 Brown v Crawford, 906 F.2d 667, 671 (11th Cir. 1990) 53 Fruit v Norris, 905 F.2d 1147, 1151 (8th Cir. 1990) 54 Monnell v New York City Dept. Of Social Services. 436 U.S. 658, 690-91 (1978) 55 Knight v Carlson, 478 F.Supp. 53, 59 (E.D.Ca. 1979)


Tripati1 LLM Merit (2014) Research Proposal Page 14 of 14

3. Organization of American States, American Convention on Human Rights "Pact of San José, Costa Rica," arts. 63, 64, Nov. 22, 1969, 1144 U.N.T.S. 123, O.A.S.T.S. No. 36
4. 19 Tradesmen v. Colombia, Provisional Measures, Order of the Court (Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. Sept. 3, 2004), available at http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/medidas/comerciantes se 01 ing pdf
5. 35 Revista Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, número especial en conmemoración del 40° aniversario de la DADH, 1989. Christina M. Cerna, 'Reflections on the Normative Status of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man' (2009)
6. 88 Australian Year Book of International Law
7. A.W. Brian Simpson, Human Rights And The End Of Empire: Britain And The Genesis Of The European Convention (2001)
8. A.W. Brian Simpson, Human Rights And The End Of Empire: Britain And The Genesis Of The European Convention (2001)
9. Aaron Blake, Republicans insist this isn't a 'Muslim ban.' Trump and Giuliani aren't helping their cause at all., Wash. Post: The Fix, Jan. 30, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/30/republicans-insist-thisisnt-
10. American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man, adopted May 2, 1948, by the Ninth International Conference of American States, Bogota, Colombia [hereinafter American Declaration], reprinted in Basic Documents Pertaining To Human Rights In The Inter- American System 17, OEA/ser. L./V/II.71 doc. 6 rev. 1
11. Bruno Simma, International Human Rights And General International Law: A Comparative Analysis, In Collected Courses Of The Academy Of European Law 153, 213 (1995 )
12.https://www.facebook.com/m. 105337148092391/




UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Tripati


having registered with the University of London and passed the approved examinations conducted by Queen Mary University of London and University College London has this day been admitted by the University of London to the Degree of
MASTER OF LAWS


with Merit in the specialisation : Public International Law
Vice-Chancellor
31 December 2014




UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Tripati


having registered with the University of London and passed the approved examinations conducted by Queen Mary University of London and University College London has this day been awarded by the University of London the


POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN LAWS
in the specialisation : Public Law
Vice-Chancellor
1 August 2014


UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Tripati


having registered with the University of London and passed the approved examinations conducted by Queen Mary University of London and University College London has this day been awarded by the University of London the


POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN LAWS
in the specialisation : European Law
31 December 2013




UNITED STATES CITIZENS SHOULD PETITION THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS FOR VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, zxcvbnmT MISCONDUCT BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AND WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS


Ph.D. THESIS SUBMITTED BY Tripati


B.Sc., Federal Litigation, | ULU Ohio):
LL M Merit, Public International Law (2014)
Public Law (2014); European Law (2013] (London)


FOR
Ph.D. in Criminal Justice-Human Rights- International Courts and Tribunals


Ph.D. THESIS SUBMITTED BY Tripati FOR Ph.D. in Criminal Justice-Human Rights- International Courts and Tribunals Page 2 of 629


KEYWORDS 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2
ABSTRACT 7
INTRODUCTION 45
Modern Americans view 45
SURVEY OF 35,000 CITIZENS IN 50 STATES 45
President Franklin Roosevelt's 1941 declaration of the four
freedoms 54
touchstone for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 55
WHY SHOULD INTERNATIONAL LAW MATTER TO THE
CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 67
The Obligatary Character of the Provisions 79
Subjective Tests of Self-Execution of the Human Rights
Provisions 84
The Intent of the Legislature 86
Other Objections Tests of Self-Execution 90
The Doctrine of Political Treaties 90
The Subject Matter 92
International Execution and Implementation 93
States as Forral Addressees of the Legal Norm 95
The Legislature as the Eventual Addressee 97
Precision 100




UNITED STATES CITIZENS SHOULD PETITION THE INTER- AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS FOR VIDEATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, MISCONDUCT BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AND WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS.


Page 3 of 629




Creation of Subjective Rights
THE APPLICATION OF THE CLAUSES
Forms of Application
Direct Application
Indirect Application
122
128
128
128
131
Conflicting Domestic Law
IACHR IS THE ONLY INTERNATIONAL
147


TRIBUNAL AVAILABLE TO PROVIDE REMEDIES TO VICTIMS OF THE UNITED
STATES




169
WHERE DO HUMAN RIGHTS COME FROM
WHAT SHOULD THE JUDICIARY, LEGISLATORS, POLICY MAKERS, ORGANIZATIONS DO IN THE UNITED STATES
Cruel and Unusual in criminal law enforcement in a Global Context
International Opinion
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UNITED STATES DOES NOT PROVIDE EFFECTIVE REMEDIES TO VICTIMS OF THE STATE IN PRACTICE
Organization of the people
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF Inter-American SYSTEM SETUP WITH OBJECTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES
THE AMERICAN DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES
OF MAN AND The Drafting History of the American Declaration
THE MEANING AND SCOPE OF INDIVIDUAL HUMAN DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS IN THE AMERICAN OF


171






185


194
209
212


215
220




220




228
235


DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A
DUTIES OF MAN OF 1948
235




Ph.D THESIS SUBMITTE BY Tripiat FOR Ph.D. in
Criminal Justice_Human RIghts- International Courts and
Tribunas Page 4 of 629


THE LEGAL CHARACTER OF THE DUTIES AND RIGHTS IN THE
ADNR 242
AMERICAN DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF
MAN 246
The Legal Nature of Recommendations of the Inter-American
Commission 264
Fourth Instance Formula 268
THE COMPETENCE 269
Where Must the Wolation Have Been Committed? (Jurisdiction
ratione locl) 271
When Must the Violation Have Been Committed? (Jurisdiction
ratione temportal 272
What Evidence Should Be Presented? 275
Establishing the Credibility 275
Burden and Standard of Proof 279
Presenting Evidence and Fact finding 284
Is the Procedure Confidential? 285
Scope of the Right to Humane Treatment 208
Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment 290
"Respect for the Inherent Dignity of the Human Person" 300
Duty to Investigate and Punish 306
Duty to Provide Reparation 313
Establishing State Responsibility 323
Attribution of Unlawful Activity for Acts and Omissions 329
Attribution of Unlawful Activity for Lack of Due Diligence 335
THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT 339


UNITED STATES CITIZENS SHOULD PETITION THE INTER- AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS FOR VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, MISCONDUCT BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AND WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS. Page 5 of 629


Much More Advanced But Not In United States 341
attributes of the human personality 343
predate the existence of the state 343
primary responsibility and duty of the state 343
REGIONAL SYSTEMS FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS 344
European System for the Protection of Human Rights 346
African System for the Protection of Human Rights 345
IACHR Is not a court 353
CASE STUDIES OF SOME CASES WHERE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW BY IACHR AFFECTING THE UNITED STATES HAS BEEN RAD 354
PROBLEMS WITH INVORING AMERICAN DECLARATION IN UNITED STATES COURTS 359
contentions of the United States Rejected 368
American Declaration is a source of legal obligation that
American courts should respect 374
REMEDIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES COURTS MUST BE
EXHAUSTED 378
THE PETITION MUST BE SUBMITTED WITHIN THE TIME
FRAMES 385
THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS 385
History of the UDHR 385
The Evolving Understanding of Rights 386
CONCLUSION 387
Scope and Implementation OF THE International Bill of
Human Rights 387


Ph.D. THESIS SUBMITTED BY Tripati POR Ph.D. in Criminal Justice-Human Rights- International Courts and Tribunals tagPage 6 of 629


THE COVENANTS 388
RATIFY AMERICAN CONVENTION 409
UNITED STATES CONCERNS: SOVEREIGNTY, RUDS, FEDERALISM, AND THE INTERACTION OF THE ACHR WITH US LAW 412
Non-Self Executing Treaty Provisions 445
Incompatible Articles: US Law and the ACHR 450
INTER AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE AGE OF TRUMP 453
DOMESTIC EFFECTS OF RATIFYING THE ACHR WITH NO
RESERVATIONS 464
No Reservations on Substantive Rights 468
Article 4: Right to life 470
Article 8(4): Double jeopardy 476
Articles 17: Rights of the family 478
Article 22: Freedom of movement 479
Superfluity under the Supremacy Clause 481
Heightened Fretections under the ACHR 482
Article 5: Right to humane treatment 483
Article 9: Freedom from ex post facto laws 485
Article 14: Right of reply 488
Avoiding Non-Self-Executing RUDs 490
Aufhat sort of convention would you have If every country adhered subject
to the reservation that it would not make any changes In Its laws 495
Federal-Stale RUDs and the Creativity of State
Implementation 497


UNITED STATES CITIZENS SHOULD PETITION THE INTER- AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS FOR VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, MISCONDUCT BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AND WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS


The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 503
AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 515
BIBLIOGRAPHY 576
CASES 576
ELECTRONIC SOURCES 594


ABSTRACT
1 Plenty of injustices go judicially unresolved.


1 Citizens may still be intimidated by a once-brutal government even if it has recently made a point of abstaining from arbitrary arrests and mistreatment, or even has released political prisoners. Citizena will not feel free to speak their minds or act according to their beliefs until they see tangible evidence that there will be no new detentions without trial, no new wave of brutality, A consistent practice of calling abusers to account before the law farnishes the best assurance that the changes will last.


1 A second major branch in this shorthand summary of internationally recognized human rights is the right to enjoy civil and political liberties. These include freedom of speech and the press.


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UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Tripati


having registered with the University of London and passed the approved examinations conducted by Queen Mary University of London and University College London has this day been admitted by the University of London to the Degree of
MASTER OF LAWS
with Merit in the specialisation : Public International Law


Vice- Chevacellor
31 December 2014


UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Tripati


having registered with the University of London and passed the approved examinations conducted by Queen Mary University of London and University College London has this day been awarded by the University of London the
POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN LAWS in the specialisation : Public Law


Vice-Chemcellor
1 August 2014


UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Tripati


having registered with the University of London and passed the approved examinations conducted by Queen Mary University of Lunclon and University College London has this day been awarded by the University of London the
POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN LAWS
in the specialisation : European Law


31 December 2013




The Union Institute
The College of Undergraduate Studies
Official Transcript
Description of Learning Activity
Learner Name (Last, First, Midtile)
TRIPATI, ANANT K.
Date of Birth
1.16.54
Sex
456-43-2032
Social Security No.
Matriculated OCTOBER 1, 1989
Area of Concentration
FEDERAL LITIGATION
Degree Conferred
Date
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
6.29.90
Unit
Description of Learning Activity Ur
CURRENT LEARNING COMPLETED WHILE ENROLLED WITH UNION INSTITUTE
FALL QUARTER 1989
5.0
Principles & Practices of Adult Learning
Research & Bibliography in Legal Studies
5.0
Foundations of a Liberal Arts Education
5.0
Statistics
5.0
Professional Writing I*
5.0
Professional Writing I1ª
5.0
Human Behavior & External Environment
5.0
WINTER QUARTER 1990
5.0
Communications by Business I*
Communications by Business I !*
5.0
Strategic Mnangement 1*
5.0
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT
Strategic Management II*
5.0
Mathematics & Finance 1*
5.0
Mathematics & Finance II*
5.0
Senior Project Proposal
5.0
Marketing*
5.0
The Self Through the Immigration Process*
5.0
Religion, Marriage & The Self#
5.0
Chemistry
International Travel for Self Enrichment*
5.0
5.0
The Legal Profession in the 1990s I*
5.0
The Legal Profession in the 1990s 11*
5.0
Business Torts
5.0
Criminal Law*
5.0
Extraordinary Hrits*
5.0
First Amendment Litigation*
5.0
Constitutional Law*
5.0
Administrative Procedure Act*
5.
Civil Rights Law*
5.0
SPRING 1990
Declaratory/Injunctive Practice*
5.
Federal Appellate Practice*
5.
United States Supreme Court Practice*
5.
Federal Racketeering Practice*
5.
5.
False Claims Act Practice*
Senior Project: "Defense in Civil Rights Actions"
15.
TOTAL CREDITS
100.
*Prior Learning Evaluated and Credited by the Union
ISSUED TO LEARNER
Registrar
Aftale
Date
7/7/98




IACHR, REPORT NO. 219/19, PETITION 459-08. ADMISSIBILITY FINDING UNITED STATES JUSTICE SYSTEM INEFFECTIVE TO PROTECT INDIDIVUDAL VICTIMS OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA1


By
TRIPATI LLM MERIT (2014)*


Table of Contents


KEYWORDS 2
ABOUT THIS PAPER 2
LAYOUT OF THE PAPER 4
NEVER BEFORE HAS AN ORDER SIMILAR 4
TO THE IACHR ORDER BEEN ISSUED 4
ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL 4
THE IACHR REPORT NO. 219/19. 5
IACHR REJECTS ALL ARGUMENTS BY UNITED STATES. 6
THE IACHR REPORT FINDS CLAIMS COLORABLE 6
CRUEL, INHUMANE, DEGRADING TREATMENT 7
FEDERAL JUDGE SUSAN BRNOVICH POST ADMISSIBILITY CONDUCT SHOWS HISTORY OF WIDESPREAD ABUSE FOR WHICH UNITED STATES AUTHORITIES HAVE GIVEN TACIT AUTHORIZATION 8
AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM A MYTH 8
CRUEL, INHUMANE, DEGRADING TREATMENT 12
WHAT IS PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 12
ANGELA DAVIS, THE SUPREME COURT BEARS MUCH OF THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR FOSTERING A CULTURE IN WHICH JUDGES PROSECUTORS FEEL FREE TO ENGAGE IN MISCONDUCT 13


IACHR, REPORT NO. 219/19, PETITION 459-08. Page | 2


THE VARIOUS RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS 18
Examples of Supreme Court decisions considering a treaty provision to be self-executing. 20
United States treaties in force containing provisions for the submission of treaty-based disputes to the International Court of Justice. 23
Economic Cooperation Agreements. 23
Bilateral Consular Conventions. 25
Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation Treaties 25
Multilateral Conventions 27
ICCPR AND UNITED STATES 28
EXHAUSTION OF INEFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES 31
US LAW CANNOT AUTHORIZE VIOLATION OF TREATIES. 34
UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW OBLIGATIONS GENERALLY & UNDER THE ICCPR. 35
INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS .. 35
UNITED STATES PROVIDES INEFFECTIVE REMEDIES UNDER ICCPR QUESTION OF REMEDY IN PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT CASES IS FURTHER COMPLICATED BY THE ALMOST COMPLETE UNAVAILABILITY OF CIVIL REDRESS ... 38
CONCLUSION. 39




KEYWORDS
IACHR American Declaration treaties Report protections


ABOUT THIS PAPER
This paper looks at IACHR, Report No. 219/19, Petition 459-08. Admissibility, Anant Kumar Tripati. United States of America. October 24, 20193 and discusses the failure of the US Justice system as found by IACHR.


The recent demonstrations in the United States show once again that the United States Supreme Court must reexamine its stance of treaties and that the IACHR is correct in it rejecting all


IACHR. REPORT NO. 219/19, PETITION 459-08. Page | 28


7.Agreement for Facilitating the International Cir-culation of Visual and Auditory Materials of an Educational, Scientific and Cultural Character, July 15, 1949, [1966] 17 U. S. T. 1578, 1581, 1586, T. I. A. S. No. 6116 (customs duties on importation of films and recordings)
8.Universal Copyright Convention, Sept. 6, 1952, [1955] 6 U. S. T. 2731, 2733-2739, 2743, T. I.A.S. No. 3324 (copyright)
9.Treaty of Peace with Japan, Sept. 8, 1951, [1952] 3 U. S. T. 3169, 3181-3183, 3188, T. I. A. S. No. 2490 (property)


ICCPR AND UNITED STATES


By declaring that the International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights (ICCPR) is not self- executing the United States has failed to provide a remedy for its violations within its jurisdiction. When ratifying ICCPR Congress stated " the United States understands that this Covenant shall be implemented by the federal government to the extent it exercises legislative and judicial jurisdiction over the matters contained therein and otherwise by state and local governments." No state or local government has provided for a remedy for ICCPR violations and the federal judicial branch has declined to provide for a remedy stating that ICCPR is not self executing.


The Report alleges false arrest , prosecution and fabrication of evidence by Maricopa County, Arizona authorities based on collusion between prosecutors and judges, as retaliation for my exposing corruption within the Maricopa County and Arizona Judicial system. Furthermore I complained of denial of food, medical care, destruction of evidence, destruction of records, denial of access to legal materials and legal resources. All on approval of Maricopa County judges, as retaliation for my exposing corruption within the Maricopa County system.


The Report further describes my complaint as stating Maricopa County authorities with the help of Maricopa County judges presented perjured evidence and convicted me of the intangible right of


TRIPATI LLM MERIT (2014) Page | 29


deprivation of reputation in the community, sentecing me to 52.5 years with no posssibiity of release by clemency, pardon or parole. I filed numerous appeals but as set forth in the Report as I was challenging the corruption of the judicial system, the courts uphleld the decision for their protection. The federal judge, the petition states, denied my claims because the Maricopa County Attorney was running for the governor of Arizona .


The petition goes on to state that when sent to prison the Arizona Department of Corrections (hereinafter "ADOC") and Arizona Attorey General (hereinafter "ATTY GEN") denied me access to medical care, denied me food, refused to let me practice Hinduism , destroyed legal documents, denied me access to counsel and prevented me from meeting with counsel, all with the approval of the Arizona State Courts and Attorney General. They also according to the Petition seized, read, destroyed privileged documents and with the approval of the Attorney General so as to prevent me from challenging my convictions. When requested, the Federal Judge refused to allow me access to copies .


The Report finds that I made 40 plus attempts to have my claims heard by Arizona and federal courts which were sumarily denied. Due to the numerous efforts I made I need not further exhaust domestic remedies . It goes on to state that I have satisfied the provisions of Article 32.1 on exhaustion.


In plain language Article 2.5(a) ICCPR requires all administrative and judicial remedies be effective, but, due to PLRA and AEDPA these are ineffective in the United States.


As applied to me these remedies violate Article 2.3(a) ICCPR according to the Report.


Pursuant to Articles $1 to 34 of its Rules of Procedure the ICHR foud my claims colorable. It granted admissibiity as to violation of life, liberty and security, equality before law denial of religious freedom and worship inviolability and transmission of correpondence preservation of health and well being fair trial protection from arbitrary arrest denial of due process . The Report goes on to state it






IACHR
Inter-American
Commission on
Human Rights


OAS
Mora rights for mare penpla
February 19, 2020


RE:
Tripati
Case 13.897
United States of America


Dear Petitioner:
I am pleased to address you in order to inform you that the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights examined the petition referred to above and adopted Its Report on Admissibility No. 219/19 on October 24, 2019, copy enclosed, in compliance with Article 37 of the Commission's Rules of Procedure.


In accordance with Article 36(2) of the Commission's Rules of Procedure, petition number P- 459-08 has been registered as case number 13.897, as cited above. I ask that you utilize the latter reference in all future communications.


Pursuant to Article 37(1) of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission has set a period of four months, as from the date of the present communication, for you to present additional observations regarding the merits.


Further, as provided for in Article 37[4] of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission places itself at the disposal of the parties with a view toward reaching a friendly settlement of this matter, in compliance with Article 40 of the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR.


Accordingly, I request that you present your response to that offer as soon as possible.


Sincerely,
Marisol Banghand Assistast Executive Secretary. al.


1|Page


IACHR REPORT NO. 219/19, PETITION 459-08. -----
EXAMINATION OF THE TAMPERING OF EVIDENCE
BY THE GOVERNMENT WITH THE EFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF FEDERAL JUDGES TO PROTECT
THEIR SPOUSES AND COLLEAGUES


By
TRIPATI LLM MERIT (2014)


TABLE OF CONTENTS


KEYWORDS 2
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 2
ABOUT THIS PAPER 3
IACHR NO. 219/19, PETITION 459-08. 4
BACKGROUND OF PERTINENT FACTS. 5
THE ROLE OF THE ARIZONA ATTORNEY GENERAL
IN ASSISTING PRISON OFFICIALS IN PREVENTING
THE VICTIM FROM CHALLENGING HIS CONVICTION
WITH AFFIRMATIVE ASSISTANCE FROM FEDERAL
1
JUDGES IN ARIZONA 9


IACHR REPORT NO. 219/19, PETITION 459-08. ---- EXAMINATION OF THE TAMPERING OF EVIDENCE BY THE GOVERNMENT WITH THE EFFECTIVEASSISTANCE OF FEDERAL JUDGES TO PROTECT THEIR SPOUSES AND COLLEAGUES Page|2


THE ROLE OF ARIZONA FEDERAL JUDGES
TO ENSURE EVIDENCE OF MISCONDUCT
IS NOT DISCLOSED 15
ARTICLE IV TO THE AMERICAN DECLARATION
HAS BEEN VIOLATED BY ARIZONA FEDERAL
JUDGES WHO HAVE IN ADDITION TO BLOCKING
ACCESS TO EVIDENCE NEEDED BY IACHR ENTERED
ORDERS TO BENEFIT THEIR SPOUSES AND BECAUSE
OF PROFESSIONAL COURTESY. 16
CONCLUSION. 22


KEYWORDS
OAS American Declaration life, liberty, security, equal, religious, inviolability correspondence, IACHR


ABOUT THE AUTHOR


Tripati has his LLM with Merit (2014)* in Public International Law(2014) and specializes in Public Law (2014) European Law (2013) from the University Of London, University College London, Queen Mary University Of


LLM MERIT (2014) : Page | 3
London.


ABOUT THIS PAPER
1. The United States became a member of the Organization of American States (OAS) and on June 19, 1951 the OAS Charter was ratified along with the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man which clearly binds and obligates the United States.


2. Adopted in1948 at the Ninth International Conference of American States Article I of the American Declaration (hereinafter "Declaration") reads "every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person."

3. Article II of the Declaration provides "all persons are equal before the law and have the rights and duties established in this Declaration, without distinction as to race, sex, language, creed or any other factor"


4. Per Article X of the Declaration " every person has the right to the inviolability and transmission of his correspondence"


5. In accordance with Article XVIII of the Declaration " every person may resort to the courts to ensure respect for his legal rights. There should likewise be available to him a simple, brief procedure whereby the courts will protect him from acts of authority that, to his prejudice, violate any fundamental constitutional rights. 6. Article IV of the Declaration requires "every person has the right to freedom of


IACHR REPORT NO. 219/19, PETITION 459-08. -- EXAMINATION OF THE TAMPERING OF EVIDENCE BY THE GOVERNMENT WITH THE EFFECTIVEASSISTANCE OF FEDERAL JUDGES TO PROTECT THEIR SPOUSES AND COLLEAGUES Page14


investigation"


7. This paper examines IACHR Report NO. 219/19, Petition 459-08. Admissibility.
Tripati. United States of America, October 24, 2019 (hereinafter Report and para).


8. It shows how Arizona Federal Judges for the benefits of their spouses and their former law firms, prevented the Commission from accessing evidence in violation of domestic and international law.


9.The paper goes on to show that this is an endemic problem in Arizona and how federal Judges due to professional courtesy have allowed the state to conceal evidence.


10. It concludes by showing that as a consequence of their protecting their spouses and due to professional courtesy, these judges are allowing Arizona authorities to create alternative fact


IACHR NO. 219/19, PETITION 459-08.


11. IACHR Report NO. 219/19, Petition 459-08. Admissibility. Anant Kumar Tripati. United States of America, October 24, 2019 (hereinafter Report and para) granted admissibility for the purpose of examining the alleged violation of Articles 1 (life, liberty and personal security), II (equality before the law), III (religious freedom and worship), X (inviolability and transmission of correspondence), XI


IACHR
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
24 October 2019


REPORT No. 219/19 PETITION 459-08
REPORT ON ADMISSIBILITY


TRIPATI
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


Approved electronically by the Commission on October 24, 2019.
Cite as: IACHR, Report No. 219/19, Petition 459-08. Admis sibility. Anant Kumar Tripatt. United States of America. October 24, 2019


Organization of
LACHR Inter-American Commlasice on Human Righa


personal belongings and legal documents, and the refusal to grant him access to legal counsel, resources and material.


2. The petition alleges that Mr. Tripati lived in California where he founded Legal Research Associates In Beverly Hills. He claims that he was Investigating corruption and other illegal activities of authorities of Maricopa County and Arizona's judicial system and that these authorities took retaliatory measures against him upon learning that he Intended to expose his findings.


3. In this regard, he claims that the Maricopa County District Attorney's Office fabricated evidence against him and falsely accused him of attempting to defraud the state of Arizona in a bail bond scheme concerning the release of four persons beld In the Maricopa County jail. He claims that as a result of these charges a California court ordered his arrest and the seizure of his property. He states that authorities from the states of California and Arizona arrested him at his workplace on June 24, 1992, and seized documents that were not included in the court order, such as those concerning the corruption and illegal activities of the judicial authorities of Maricopa County, which were later deliberately destroyed by these authorities.


4. Furthermore, Mr. Tripati affirms that he was denied the right to a fair trial since he was not provided with effective assistance of counsel in both the trial court and on appeal, and because the prosecution intimidated witnesses and presented perjured testimony as evidence. Likewise, he alleges that the public defender assigned to him was overworked and failed to present evidence that was fundamental to his case and that the trial court also prevented him from presenting evidence in his defense. On November 30, 1993 he was convicted and sentenced to 28 years for fraudulent schemes, 20 years for attempted fraudulent schemes and 4 and a half years for false swearing, resulting in a prison sentence of 52 and a half years without the possibility of parole.


5. The petition indicates that the alleged victim appealed his 1993 conviction to the Court of Appeals of the state of Arizona, which issued its judgment on February 22, 1996, finding no fundamental error and affirming the conviction and sentences. He claims to have filed mimerous appeals, motions and habeas petitions since then in order to seek relief from his criminal conviction and for the violation of his constitutional rights under the U.S. Civil Rights Act. He claims that proceedings regarding the violation of his civil rights ended when the U.S. Supreme Court denied his writ of certiorari on February 19, 2008.


6 "The petitioner alleges that prison authorities have taken retaliatory actions against him as a result of his continued efforts to litigate his case and as a result of complaints lodged by him against the Arizona Department of Corrections (hereinafter, "ADOC"). In this regard, he claims that they have denled him access to adequate medical service, have destroyed files relating to his case and denied him access to his counsel and have denled him food prepared in accordance with his Hindu religious beliefs. They have also denied him access to legal resources and Information afforded to other Inmates and placed him at the farthest end of the prison to restrict access to those resources.


7. According to the petition, the alleged victim has attempted to obtain relief from these measures by communicating them to several authorities. Moreover, In 2017, In order to respond to a request for information from the LACHR, the petitioner requested the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona to provide him with an electronic copy of judicial documents pertaining to his case since his copies had been lost or destroyed by the ADOC and he did not have funds to pay for new copies. The District Court considered that' while it may be able to pay for service of process on behalf of an indigentiitigant and, In certain cases, to pay the costs of printing the record on appeal and preparing a transcript of proceedings, the same does not authorize the Court to pay the costs for an Indigent litigant's general copy requests. It therefore rejected his request and noted that he could obtain the copies he desired by submitting a written request accompanied by an appropriate payment of 50 cents per page plus a 64'dollar retrieval fre to retrieve.his case file from the archives.


8. The United States emphasizes that the U.S. criminal justice system embodies the protections enumerated In the American Declaration and that the petitioner benefited from such safeguards in this case, especially at his criminal trial and through multiple layers of judicial review. In addition, It manifests that by
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" The Commission has not been Informed If the petitioner had legal representation throughout all of these proceedings.
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LACHR Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
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August 2015 the petitioner has filed no fewer than 43 civil cases, the latest of which was a habeas corpus petition filed on July 27, 2015, which was still pending a resolution at the time.


9. The State Indicates that it does not find any basis for this matter to be considered under the Rules of Procedures of the Commission. Furthermore, it indicates that the petitioner fails to state facts that establish a violation of the rights in the American Declaration and has yet to exhaust the domestic remedies.
VI. EXHAUSTION OF DOMESTIC REMEDIES AND TIMELINESS OF THE PETITION


10. Both parties indicate that over the past 25 years Mr. Tripati has continued to file numerous appeals and motions seeking the revision of his conviction, both in criminal and civil proceedings. The alleged victim claims that he exhausted domestic remedies on February 19, 2008, the date on which the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the writ of certiorari that he filed regarding the violation of his civil rights, and that he then proceeded to file his petition before the LACHR in a timely manner on April 17, 2008. On the other hand, the State, in its submissions filed on August 10, 2015, alleges that since filing his petition before the IACHR, Mr. Tripati has continued to pursue other legal remedies, the latest of which was a habeas petition filed on July 27, 2015, and which was still pending a decision at the time. The IACHR has not received additional Information concerning the current status of the habeas petition.


11. The IACHR recalls that whenever a State alleges a failure to exhaust domestic remedies, it must indicate which remedies should have been pursued and, in addition, demonstrate that they are suitable for remedying the alleged violation. In the present case, the State has indicated that Mr. Tripati bas not exhausted domestic remedies due to a pending habeas petition filed on July 27, 2015. However, the Commission recalls that the purpose of the requirement of the exhaustion of domestic remedies is to provide the State with an opportunity to remedy the alleged violation, and the Information provided by the parties demonstrates that by 2015 the petitioner had already exhausted roughly 40 remedies in challenging his conviction and the alleged constitutional violations, Including previous habeas petitions. Accordingly, the LACHR considers that the petitioner was not required to exhaust the habeas petition filed in July 2015 before presenting his petition before the Commission.


12. In light of the foregoing, the IACHR considers that the petitioner exhausted domestic remedies on February 19, 2008, the date on which the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the writ of certiorari that he filed in civil proceedings concerning the alleged violation of his constitutional rights. Furthermore, having exhausted domestic remedies on February 19, 2008, and presented the petition on April 17, 2008, the Commission considers that the requirement of Article 32.1 of the petition has also been met.


13. With respect to the alleged denial of food and medical treatment, the IACHR notes that Mr. Tripati filed multiple medical grievances to the ADOC, many of them subsequent to filing the present petition before the IACHR. Moreover, with respect to the alleged destruction and alteration of evidence, the denial of access to counsel, the opening of his legal correspondence and the denial of access to legal resources, the case file also contains multiple letters sent to the prison warden and the ADOC concerning these matters between 2009 and 2016. In accordance with the doctrine of the IACHR, the analysis concerning the requirements set forth in Article 32.1 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure shall be carried out in light of the situation existing at the moment when it decides on the admissibility or inadmissibilitétition."


VII. COLORABLE CLAIM
14. Without prejudging the merits of the complaint, after examining the position of the parties, and pursuant to the requirements set out In Articles 31 to 34 of its Rules of Procedure, the Inter-American Commission decides to declare the petition admissible for the purpose of examining the alleged violation of the rights set forth In Articles I (life, liberty and personal security), Il (equality before law) III (religious freedom and worship), X (Inviolability and transmission of correspondence), XI (preservation of health and
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" IACHR, Report No. 15/15, Petition 374-05. Members of the Trade Union of Workers of the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia. Colombia. March 24, 2015, para. 41. Accord I/A Court H.R., Case of Wong Ho Wing v. Peru. Preliminary Objection, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of June 30, 2015. Serles C No. 297. paras. 25-28.
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IACHR Inter-American Commission as Human Rights
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well-being), XVIII [fair trial), XXV (protection from arbitrary arrest) and XXVI (due process of law) of the American Declaration In the detriment of Mr. Tripati,


15. Furthermore, the IACHR will assess at the merits stage whether the alleged denial of judicial documents to an indigent litigant free of cost could constitute a violation of articles IV (freedom of Investigation, opinion, expression and dissemination) of the American Dedaration.


16. The IACHR lacks competence ratione materiae to declare violations of rights embodied In Instruments that are not a part of the inter-American system of human rights. However, in accordance with basic norms of Interpretation, the Commission can take the terms of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights into account in applying the American Declaration.


17. Lastly, the IACHR prompts that it has no competence ratione materiae to declare violations of the American Convention due to the State has not yet ratifled such Instrument. However, in accordance with basic norms of interpretation, the Commission can take the terms of the Convention into account in applying the American Declaration.


VIII. DECISION


1 To find the instant petition admissible in relation to Articles I, II, III, IV, X, XI, XVIII, XXV and XXVI of the American Declaration; and


2 To notify the parties of this decision; to continue with the analysis on the merits; and to publish this decision and Include It in Its Annual Report to the General Assembly of the Organization of American States.


Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on the 24th day of the month of October, 2019. Esmeralda E. Arosemena Bernal de Troitiño, President; Joel Hernández Garcia, First Vice President; Antonia Urrejola Noguera, Second Vice President; Margarette May Macaulay, Francisco José Eguiguren Praeli, Luis Ernesto Vargas Silva and Flavia Plovesan, Commissioners.


The undersigned, Paulo Abrão, Executive Secretary of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, in keeping with Article 49 of the Commission's Rules of Procedure, certifies that this is an accurate copy of the original deposited in the archives of the IACHR Secretariat.


Paulo Abrap Executive Secretary